There are
also a number of old customs preserved in our villages, from
among which we chose a few to present here, since they are
interesting for the eye of the traveler, but also for those
who study the diversity and the richness of the traditional
culture.
"ȚURCA"
Caroling custom,
performed by the groups of lads, preserved especially in the
villages of the Superior Mureș on Christmas' Eve night. But
the preparations for this event start at the beginning of
the Advent, when the leaders of the group, vătafii, are elected,
and the house that will be the host of the group throughout
the Advent is chosen (Berea). The young, lads and girls, gather
here in the evenings, called by the sound of the bucium -
an old instrument made out of a large bull horn, in order
to prepare the Turca. It is a complex and interesting zoomorphic
mask, from which the name of the custom derives. Embodying
a fantastic animal, it symbolizes the prehistoric goddess
that bears the feminine name of the bull; the custom preserves
the echoes of the pre-Christian re-fertilizing myths of death
and rebirth of nature.
The group is formed by the lads
of the villages, a few of the old men who know best the custom
and how to sing the specific carols, the Turca, under the
mask being a skillful young who must know the specific and
difficult dance moves, the bgiduș, who closely accompanies
the Turca and is the leader of the ceremonial, and a few music
players. They visit every house in the village that accepts
them in (usually everybody does), starting from the priest's
house, wishing the family health, peace and prosperity, through
the specific carols and wishes. The lads dance with the girls
who are marriageable and with the newly wed women. The families
pay for the visit, treating the group with food and drinks
and giving them money which will be spent for the party to
be held on the Epiphany, which is attended by everybody. Today
we still find this beautiful custom in several villages from
The Superior Mureș, among which are Idicel Sat, Idicel Pădure,
Săcalu de Pădure, Deleni, Pietriș, Vătava, Bistra Mureșului
etc.
"FĂRȘANG"
It is an old
custom that you can still meet in some of the villages with
Hungarian population of our county (Chibed, Cîmpenița, Fîntînele,
Sîncraiu de Mureș, Breaza). Before entering the Lent, usually
in a Saturday, a large group of lads, dressed up in specific
costumes, embodying different characters (bride and groom,
hussars, some of them riding horses, guards of the procession,
beggars and so on, accompanied by some instrument players
go through the village, visiting each house, dancing to the
girls they find and being treated with food and drinks. Towards
the evenings they gather at the cultural establishment of
the village, which is large enough to fit the whole community
that participated and they feast and dance until the morning.
It is a last occasion of partying and having fun together
before entering the Lent.
THE TRADITIONAL WEDDING
A traditional
wedding in a village of our county, in any of the ethnographical
sub-zones, is a real delight for the eye, a spectacle to which
contribute almost all the members of the community. Starting
with chemătorii (pairs of young girls and of boys who on the
Friday before the wedding go round the village to invite people
to the feast), following the party of the pair to be wed,
called steag (meaning the flag, from the symbolic flag made
out of the bride's kerchiefs and ribbons), the preparations
on the morning of the wedding day at the houses of the young
pair, the dressing up specific ceremonies, the festive procession
from the groom's house to that of the bride's, accompanied
by 8 to 10 lads dressed up in the folk festive costumes and
riding stately adorned horses, all the other specific ceremony
moments, until the beginning of the feast and the merrymaking
that last throughout the night, the whole ceremonial has its
specific moments and old well known patterns to be followed.
There are villages in which even today this old wedding ceremonial
is preserved and there still are young pairs who lovingly
choose to make their wedding respecting these old customs.
CSÉPTÁNC - The dance with the flail
Hungarian
dance preserved in Măgherani, it has its roots in an old tradition
that took place in the summer, after harvesting the crops.
At the time they used sickles, gathered and stored the cereals
within sheds for drying, and afterwards they used the flail
to separate the grains from the straws. Harvesting the crops
was a moment of joy and a special day for the peasant, since
the wheat meant survival for his family. As this type of group
working and help between families usually ended up with music
and dance, with the time a certain dance became habitual.
While dancing, the host made specific moves with the flail.
This is how in Măgherani the dance with the flail came into
being, and it was preserved here until today, being characteristic
for the Hungarian dance ensemble of this village.
"ȘEZĂTOAREA"
On the long
winter evenings, women and young girls used to get together
in a certain house, by criteria of neighborhood and kinship,
spending the time with different handicrafts (like wool spinning,
sawing, embroidery and other crafts related to obtaining the
cloth needed for the clothes of the family members and other
textiles of household use). These gatherings also had a strong
socializing role and they were also a form of leisure, since
here they sang songs, told riddles, talked about the happenings
in the village and drawn the morals out of them; young lads
used to come and meet the girls here, under the attentive
looks of their mothers. Though today the number of household
articles that women do with their own hands is much smaller,
this custom is still preserved in some of our villages.
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